Cloud computing is the use of remote servers on the internet to store,manage and process
data.The cloud computing eliminates the need to store everything on your own computer
hard drive.It allows the user to access pictures,music,files and programs from any device
via the internet.It also makes it easier to collaborate and communicate with others.Major
corporations like Microsoft, Amazon,Google,IBM,Cisco,Dell,HP,Intel and Oracle have
invested in cloud computing.They offer a range of cloud-based solutions for individuals
and businesses.
Some important benefits of cloud computing include scalability,reliability and efficiency.
Scalabilitymeans that cloud computing offers unlimited processing and storage capacity.
The cloud is reliable and provides access  to applications and documents anywhere in the
world via the Internet.Cloud computing is also efficient because the organizations can focus
on innovation and product development instead of managing the resources.It cuts down the
administrative tasks for organization to maintain large amounts of computer hardware and
software.
Privacy and security are two most important concerns with the use of cloud computing.Data
travels over the internet and is stored at remote servers.It is handed over to a third party.In
addition,the cloud providers serve multiple customers at the same time.It may result in
accidental or intentional security breaches.
Another important concern with the cloud computing is the access issue.The user can access
files programsonly through the Internet.It is not possible to access the data if there is any

problem with the internet connection due to power failure or system failure of the ISP etc

Types of Clouds
Different types of clouds are as follows:

1.Public cloud
A public cloud can be accessed by any subscriber with an internet connection and access to
the cloud space.A public cloud is available free or for a fee to the general public.

2.Private Cloud
A private cloud is established for a specific group or organization and can only be accessed
by that group.

3.Community Cloud
A community cloud is shared among two or more organization that have similar cloud
requirements.

4.Hybird cloud
A hybird cloud is a combination of two or more clouds.

Example of Cloud Services
Different examples of cloud services are as follows:

Amazone Web Services:-Amazone.com provides a variety of different cloud computing
services.
Dashlane:-Online password to synchronize and manage passwords between all devices.
Google App Engine:-A services that allows the users to creat scalable web services that
use Google's resources.
Google Calendar:-It is used to organize schedule,synchronize and share events with friends.
Google Docs:-It is a free solution from google to open Microsoft office documents and shere
them with other users with internet access.
Online Backup:-There are many online backup services to store important information such as
Mozy and Dropbox.
Windows Azure:-It is a cloud computing solution by Microsoft that allows companies to
develop and run services from their cloud.
Social Website:-Many popular social networking sites such as facebook,picasa and Youtube
are also often considered parts of cloud computing.  

A cookie is used to maintain information about a user state and information about him/her.
Cookies can be used to store user preferences and user information that can be used across
pages in the website.A cookie is also known as web cookie,browser cookie and HTTP cookie.
A cookie is stored as text strings on the computer.If you forget some thing about your website
cookies help you because,cookies save your information in history of computer.  The browser
returns the cookie to the cookie to the server when the page is referenced again.The most
common use of cookie is store a user ID.A cookie may contain the string such as ID=96352398

Example
The website www.amazon.com uses cookies.The user fills a from with the name and
address to order a book.Amazon assigns an ID,stores user's information with that
ID in its database on the server.It also sends the ID to user's browser as a cookie.
The browser stores ID on hard disk.The browser sends the ID back to the server when
the user visits Amazon again.The server customizes the web page according to the user ID.

Types of Cookies
Cookies can be temporarily or permanent.
1.Temporary cookie:Temporary cookie is also called session cookie.It is temporarily stored
in browser's memory and is deleted when the session ends or the browser's is closed.
2.Permanent cookie:Permanent cookie is also called persistent cookie.It is stored permanent
on computer's hard drive.If it is deleted,it will be recreated when the user visits the website
again.

Uses of Cookies
Cookies are used for different purposes such as follows:
* Most websites use them for personalization  of user preferences.For example,a news
website may allow the user to customize the page to display the news of his interests.The
website stores user preference in cookies.
* Some websites also use cookies to store user,s password.The users do not need to enter
the password  again and again.
*Some websites use cookies to track visits of users and web pages visited by the users.
* Online shopping sites generally use session cookies to keep the track of items in a user's
shopping cart.
* Some websites may use cookies to target advertisement.These sites store a user's interests
and browsing habits in the cookie and display related ads on the pages.

Browser Setting about cookies
The browser can be set to accept cookies as follows:
* The user can set the browser to accept cookies automatically.
* It can be set to prompt the user to accept cookie.
* It can be set to disable the use of cookies altogether.However,the user may not be able
to use many of e-commerrce web sites if cookies are disabled.

Privacy Concerns about Cookies
Webmasters obtain information using the cookies about users IP addresses,browser type,last
pages visited.It allows Web servers to recognize a user who has already  visited the website
from the same computer.It allows the compilation of user profiles and large amounts of data
related to the interests of the user.Advertisers and webmasters are currently using cookies to
develop detailed profiles of users and their browsing habits.Each click on a particular type of
page in a website is added to the profile.The information is primarily used for website design
and placement of banner advertisements.However,this information can be sold for other
commercial purpose that creates a concern to personal.

Web Hosting is a service that provides space on the internet for storing web pages.Different
organizations provide the facility of web hosting.some websites also provides this facility free
 of cost.A website must be hosted on a web server to be accessible from all over the world.
The web hosting is very easy way for business and promote your skills for helps other and
solve their problems.    

Types of Web Hosting
Different types of Web Hosting are as follows:
1.Shared Hosting:Shared hosting is a type of hosting in which a web site is hosted on a
server with many other websites.however,the website is configured as a separate website on
 the server with its own domain name etc.The benefit of shared hosting is that it is cost effective.
2.Dedicated Servers:A dedicated server hosts one or more websites of only one user.It gives
more control over the web site.It can also ensure that other websites do not impact on the website.However,the dedicated servers are much more expensive than requires extra security etc.
The user can log in to a dedicated server like a personal computer.
3.Virtual Dedicated Servers:Virtual dedicated servers are a low cost alternative to dedicated
servers.The web host can put many virtual servers on each machine to reduce costs.it appears
to be a dedicated server when the user logs in to a virtual server.
4.Managed Hosting:A managed hosting means that the user has a dedicated server and the
website hosting provider manages the server for the user.Typically,the hosting provider is
responsible for the hardware,operating system and virus protection etc.However,the user has
total control over the machine and the website content.
Web Hosting technologies
Different Web Hosting technologies are as follows:
 1.Windows Hosting: Windows hosting is the hosting of web services running on windows
operating system.It should be used if the user wants to use ASP(Active Server Page) as server
scripting or a database like Microsoft Access or Microsoft SQL server.Windows hosting is also
the best to develop website using Microsoft Front Page.
2.Unix Hosting:Unix hosting is hosting of web services running on Unix operating system.Unix
was the first web server operating system.It is known for reliability and stability.It is also less
expensive than windows.
3.Linux Hosting:Linux hosting is the hosting of web services running on the Linux operating system

WAN short form of wide area network.This type of network covers a large area.It connects
computer and other devices in different cities and countries.WAN usually consists of several
LANs connected together.Computers in a WAN are often connected through telephone lines.
They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites.WAN can reach the parts of the
world that is not possible with LANs.WAN is expensive than LAN.WAN is not as fast as LAN.
The transmission rate of WAN is typically 56 Kbps to 50 Mbps.

Advantages of WAN
Some important advantages of WAN are as follows:

1.communication Facility:A big company may exist at multiple locations in a country.The
employees can communicate using WAN.It saves long distance phone calls and etc.Video
conferencing is another use of WAN where users can communicate through their computer
system.
2.Remote Data Entry:Remote data entry is possible in WAN.The user can sit at any location
and enter,Update and process data on any computer attached to WAN.For example,the user
can access the data on a computer located at any city and while sitting in other city.

3.Centralized Data:The centralized data storage is an important advantage of WAN.It means
that data can be stored in single location even if the organization is spread over many cities.
WAN can manage critical data in a better way by storing it at a centralized server.The
centralized data can be shared among different users anywhere in the world.

4.Entertainment:WAN such as the Internet can provide many types of games and songs
entertainment to the user.Many multi-player games are available that can be played over WAN.

Disadvantages of WAN
some important disadvantages of WAN are as follows:

1.Hardware,software & Setup Costs:Setting up a WAN requires an investment in hardware,software,planning,designing and implementing.The cost of devices used in WAN
is very expensive.
2.Hardware & Software Management Costs:Managing a WAN is complicated.It requires
intensive training.A network manager usually needs to be employed.
3.Data Security Concerns:A poorly-secured WAN puts critical data at risk.It may expose
data to hackers,unauthorized access and even sabotage.Virus can spread quickly across the
WAN if it enters the central backing store.
4.Failure of server:If a server fails,all computers connected with the server are affected.

LAN usually connects the computers and other devices within one office or a building or
group of buildings.LAN is often used to share resources such as printer,hard disks and
programs.Each computer or device in the network is called a node.the nodes are usually
connected through wires.
A LAN that uses no physical wires is called wireless LAN.LANs are capable of transmitting
data at very fast rate.LAN transmission speed is typically 10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps.It is much
faster than transmission over a telephone line.LAN can transmit data in a limited distance.There
is also a limit on the number of computers that can be attached to the network.
Example
* In a computer lab,there are 40 computers connected through LAN. The students can share
software, files and data in a lab.
* In Internet club,many computers can be connected through LAN.These computers can share
single connection of the Internet.
Benefits/Advantages of LAN
some important advantages of LAN are as follows:

1.Resource Sharing
  The resource like printers,CD-ROM drivers,hard disks and software can be shared using
  LAN.This is cheaper than buying devices for each workstation in the networks.
2.Communication
  The users in LAN can easily communicate with each other.They can also transfer data easily
 and rapidly between different computers in the network.
3.Application Sharing
  The individual licensed copy of software can be costly.A lot of money can be saved by using
the same software over network instead of purchasing separate copy of the software for each workstation.The network versions of software applications are loaded on the server and
shared by different users in the LAN.
4.Centralized IT Admin
  LAN allows an easier and more efficient way to manage different computers from server.
IT administrator can remotely troubleshoot the problems on computers across the network
instead of doing it individually.
5.Centralized Data
The users can save their data centrally on the server in LAN.They can access the saved
data from any workstation on the network.They do not need to use the same workstation all
the time.
6.Internet Access Sharing
  LAN allows multiple users to share a single Internet connection.An organization can purchase
one high-speed connection and share it on different workstations in LAN.
7.Data Security and Management
LAN can manage important data in a better way.data can be centralized on shared servers
instead of storing it on different computers.Everyone can find the data easily. security can be
implemented easily.

Limitations/Disadvantages of LAN
1.Privacy Threat
LAN can be threat to user's privacy.The network administrator can access personal files of
users.He can also monitor  network and Internet activities of the user.
2.Expensive to Install
LAN generally saves money over time.however,it may require high initial costs of installation.
The cables,network cards and software are expensive.The installation may also require the
services of a technician.
3.Admin Time Required
The proper maintenance of LAN requires time and expertise.A network administrator may
be required to    manage network  properly.
4.Data Security Concerns
LAN can put critical data at risk if it is not secured properly.The unauthorized users may
access important data and can damage it.

Social networking is a way of building online communities and relationship.

the people use social networking websites to interact with one another.the

popularity of online social networks has increased dramatically during the

past several years.some social networking allow these users to create

personalized profile that can be viewed online.these profiles may include

information such as hometown,age,hobbies and pictures etc.the user can

create links to friends pages and post massages for friends.Online social

networks are used to keep in touch with friends and meet new friends.


social networking sites


Online social network ,web address

facebook                       ,www.Facebook.com

LinkedIn                      ,www.LinkedIn.com

Myspace                      ,www.MySpace.com

Orkut                           ,www.Orkut.com

Google+                       ,https://plus.google.com
 
1.Facebook:-
Facebook is world famous social network in the world.I think Facebook is ocean
of entertainment,information,and much more.Facebook is tumor of young generation.
we share our photos,videos sending sms  chatting with other friends family members.
2.Linkedin:-
Linkedin is very good social network but unfortunately its not popular in the world.
many peoples are used it.for promoting business etc.
3.MY space:-
My space is a beautiful social network in the world every one used it for keep in tech
with others for share information etc.
4.Orkut:-
Orkut is very popular site in global village.peoples are used it for calling promoting
business and keep in tech with others.  
5.Google Plus:-
Google plus is played very imported role to promoting your website or blog.Google 
plus is first step of your business success.Google plus is not only a social network its 
also a promoter.
 
social networking is most popular in the world.Today we keep in touch with 
our family and friends any were anytime with the helps of social network sites.
we share our feeling with family if we live in other city or country.Best thing is
that its totally free you reached these social networking websites filling a simple
form and click register.when you done these tasks click log in button and type
user name your password and get started make friends and enjoyed social 
networking facilities.Social network are mostly like young generation.Today social
network user's are billion.Every one interested in social networks and mostly
serve their on using Internet.I think today a person serve major part of his life
only using social networks